Multi-objective genetic algorithms for the minimisation of the life cycle carbon footprint and life cycle cost of the refurbishment of a residential complex's envelope: a case study

Highlights:

(1) We use Multi Objective Genetic Algorithms to optimise refurbishment designs.

(2) We used Life Cycle Carbon Footprint and Life Cycle Cost as objective criteria.

(3) MOGA chose a design with the thickest insulation and smallest available windows.

(4) The utilization of MOGA has the potential to reduce LCCF and LCC.

(5) Thermal bridge insulation and different fuel types can impact LCCF and LCC.